1. For Infections:
- Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: These are typically treated with antibiotics. It is crucial to complete the entire course of medication, even if symptoms disappear, to prevent recurrence and antibiotic resistance.
- Yeast Infections: These are usually treated with antifungal medications, available as oral pills, creams, or suppositories over-the-counter or by prescription.
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Treated with a course of antibiotics. Drinking plenty of water is also recommended to help flush out the bacteria.
2. For Hormonal Imbalances & Menstrual Disorders:
- Birth Control Pills, Patches, or Rings: These are not just for contraception. They are highly effective at regulating menstrual cycles, reducing heavy bleeding, and managing symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.
- Hormonal IUDs: Can significantly reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and pain.
- Other Hormonal Therapies: Medications like Metformin for PCOS or GnRH agonists for endometriosis may be prescribed to manage specific hormonal issues.
3. For Structural Issues:
- Uterine Fibroids: Treatment depends on the size, number, and symptoms. Options range from medication to manage heavy bleeding to procedures like:
- Uterine Artery Embolization: A minimally invasive procedure that cuts off the blood supply to the fibroids.
- Myomectomy: A surgery to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus.
- Hysterectomy: The surgical removal of the uterus, considered a definitive solution for severe cases.
- Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Treatment can include pelvic floor physical therapy, the use of a pessary (a device inserted into the vagina to support the organs), or surgery.
4. For Chronic Conditions:
- Endometriosis: This condition, where uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus, is often managed with hormonal therapies (like birth control or GnRH agonists) to suppress growth and pain medication. Laparoscopic surgery to remove the endometrial implants can also provide significant relief.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Management is multifaceted and focuses on symptoms. It often includes lifestyle changes (diet and exercise), hormonal birth control to regulate periods, and medications like Metformin to improve insulin resistance.
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